International Code of Medical Ethics (Part 3)

Duties of Doctors to the Sick
---------------------------------------------

1. A DOCTOR MUST always bear in mind the importance of preserving human life from the time of conception until death.

2. A DOCTOR OWES to his patient complete loyalty and all the resources of his science. Whenever an examination or treatment is beyond his capacity he should summon another doctor who has the necessary ability.

3. A DOCTOR OWES to his patient absolutely secrecy on all which has been confided to him or which he knows because of the confidence entrusted to him.

4. A DOCTOR MUST GIVE the necessary treatment in emergency as a humanitarian duty, unless he is assured that it can and will be given by others.

Duties of Doctors in General
---------------------------------------------

1. A DOCTOR MUST always maintain the highest standards of professional conduct.

2. A DOCTOR MUST practice his/her profession uninfluenced by motives of profit.

3. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES is a doctor permitted to do anything that would weaken the physical or mental resistance of a human being, except from strictly therapeutic or prophylactic indications imposed in the interest of the patient.

4. A DOCTOR IS ADVISED to use great caution in publishing discoveries. The same applies to methods of treatment whose value is not recognized by the profession.

5. WHEN A DOCTOR IS CALLED UPON to give evidence or a certificate he should only state that which he personally can verify.

THE FOLLOWING PRACTICES are deemed unethical:
a) Any self advertisement except such as expressly authorized by the national code of medical ethics.
b) Taking part in any plan of medical care in which the doctor does not have professional independence.
c) To receive any money in connection with services rendered to a patient other than the acceptance of a proper professional fee, or to pay any money in the same circumstances without the knowledge of the patient.

Duties of Doctors to Each Other
------------------------------------------------

1. A DOCTOR OUGHT to behave to his colleagues as he would have them behave to him.

2. A DOCTOR MUST NOT entice patients from his colleagues.

3. A DOCTOR MUST OBSERVE the principles of "The Declaration of Geneva" approved by The World Medical Association.
Declaration of Geneva

Before; Part 1

Evolution/History of Medical Ethics
Unethical Behaviours/Experiments
World Medical Association
American Medical Association

Before; Part 2

Nuremberg Code
Declaration of Geneva
Declaration of Helsinki
Declaration of Tokyo
The Belmont Report
Principles of Medical Ethics




Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials
http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/centers_of_excellence/bioethics_center/about_the_usphs_syphilis_study.aspx
http://www.wma.net/en/10home/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Medical_Association
http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Code
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Geneva
http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/g1/
http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Helsinki
http://www.wma.net/en/20activities/10ethics/20tokyo/
http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/tokyo/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Tokyo
http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/belmont.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont_Report
http://www.ama-assn.org/
http://jama.ama-assn.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Association
http://www.sarbadhikari.com/practice/oaths.htm
http://www.pha.ph/coe.htm
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/principles-medical-ethics.page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ethics
http://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Ethics.html